NAIROBI - A sweeping drought across East Africa has left millions of people at risk of starvation, in a region plagued by increasingly erratic rainfall, humanitarian organisations and officials warn.
Huge food shortages and loss of livelihood has left 6.2 million Ethiopians needing relief aid, while about 3.8 million in Kenya’s arid areas, where livestock is being decimated, have also been affected, UN agencies say.
War-ravaged Somalia, meanwhile, is witnessing its worst humanitarian crisis since civil unrest erupted there two decades ago, with a third of its 10 million people in need of food assistance and one in every five children acutely malnourished.
For Kenya, ‘this is the worst (drought) in nearly a decade. One in ten Kenyans are in need of food assistance. In a region where small scale subsistence farming is the mainstay of a majority of the population, the impact of climate change on rainy seasons can often have dramatic consequences.
Responses to drought disasters have similarly been erratic and appeals for donor aid, emergency food distributions and medical assistance frequently dry up when the first drops of rain fall.
And in the absence of permanent solutions, many of those affected by drought find no respite even when the rains come as floods sweep their homes, destroy crops and cause water-borne diseases.
Tanzania recently sent 40,000 tonnes of cereals to its northern regions affected by drought, and where Agriculture Minister Stephen Wasira said famine has been reported.
Rather than suffer food and water shortages sparked by recurring droughts, east African states can take a cue from desert countries like Egypt or Sudan and use irrigation to turn around their plight, experts argue.
Food shortages also spark an increase in commodity prices, feeding a vicious cycle that drives millions closer to starvation.
According to official figures, food prices in Uganda increased by six percent in the last month, while the cost of electricity in neighbouring Kenya rose by 6.5 percent after two key hydroelectric dams shut due to low water levels.
However, forecasters are predicting above-average rainfall in the coming months to last up to early 2010 due to an El Nino phenomenon expected to ease the harsh drought. NAIROBI - A sweeping drought across East Africa has left millions of people at risk of starvation, in a region plagued by increasingly erratic rainfall, humanitarian organisations and officials warn.
Huge food shortages and loss of livelihood has left 6.2 million Ethiopians needing relief aid, while about 3.8 million in Kenya’s arid areas, where livestock is being decimated, have also been affected, UN agencies say.
War-ravaged Somalia, meanwhile, is witnessing its worst humanitarian crisis since civil unrest erupted there two decades ago, with a third of its 10 million people in need of food assistance and one in every five children acutely malnourished.
For Kenya, ‘this is the worst (drought) in nearly a decade. One in ten Kenyans are in need of food assistance,’ Marcus Prior, a World Food Programme spokesman in Nairobi, told AFP.
In a region where small scale subsistence farming is the mainstay of a majority of the population, the impact of climate change on rainy seasons can often have dramatic consequences.
Responses to drought disasters have similarly been erratic and appeals for donor aid, emergency food distributions and medical assistance frequently dry up when the first drops of rain fall.
And in the absence of permanent solutions, many of those affected by drought find no respite even when the rains come as floods sweep their homes, destroy crops and cause water-borne diseases.
Tanzania recently sent 40,000 tonnes of cereals to its northern regions affected by drought, and where Agriculture Minister Stephen Wasira said famine has been reported.
Rather than suffer food and water shortages sparked by recurring droughts, east African states can take a cue from desert countries like Egypt or Sudan and use irrigation to turn around their plight, experts argue.
Food shortages also spark an increase in commodity prices, feeding a vicious cycle that drives millions closer to starvation.
According to official figures, food prices in Uganda increased by six percent in the last month, while the cost of electricity in neighbouring Kenya rose by 6.5 percent after two key hydroelectric dams shut due to low water levels.
However, forecasters are predicting above-average rainfall in the coming months to last up to early 2010 due to an El Nino phenomenon expected to ease the harsh drought.

Famine in Ethiopia

A quarter-century after a million Ethiopians died in the great hunger of 1984-85, the country is heading into another famine. The spring rains failed entirely and the summer rains were three weeks late. But why is famine is stalking Ethiopia again?
The Ethiopian government is authoritarian, but it isn't incompetent. It gives fertilizer to farmers and teaches best practices. By the late 1990s the country was self-sufficient in food in good years, and the government had created a strategic food reserve for the bad years. So why are we back here again?
Infant deaths are already over two per 10,000 per day in Somali, the worst-hit region of Ethiopia. (Four per day counts as full-scale famine.) Country-wide, 20 percent of the population already depends on the dwindling flow of foreign food aid, and it will get worse for many months yet. What have the Ethiopians done wrong?
The real answer is they have had too many babies. Ethiopia's population at the time of the last famine 25 years ago was 40 million. Now it is 80 million. You can do everything else right and if you don't control the population, you're spitting into the wind.
It is so obvious that this should be the start of every conversation about the country. Even if the coming famine in Ethiopia kills a million people, the population will keep growing. So the next famine, 10 or 15 years from now, will hit a country of a hundred million people, trying to make a living from farming on land where only 40 million faced starvation in the 1980s. It is going to get much uglier in Ethiopia.
Yet it's taboo to say that. The question of population, instead of being central to the debate about development, food and climate change, has been put on ice. The reason is rich countries are secretly embarrassed, and poor countries are deeply resentful.
Suppose Ethiopia had been the first country to industrialize. Suppose some mechanical genius in Tigray invented the world's first steam engine in 1710. The first railways were spreading across the country by the 1830s, and at the same time Ethiopian entrepreneurs and imperialists spread all over Africa. By the end of the 19th century, they controlled half of Europe, too.
Never mind the improbabilities. The point is Ethiopia with such a history would easily be rich enough to support 80 million people now -- if it could not grow enough food it would import it, just like Britain (where the industrial revolution actually started). Money makes everything easy.
In 1710, when the first practical steam engine was built in Devonshire, the population of Britain was 7 million. It is now 61 million, but they do not fear famine. They eat very well despite importing over a third of their food. They got in first, so although they never worried about population growth, they got away with it.
Ethiopia has more than four times the land surface of Britain. The rain is less reliable, but a rich Ethiopia would have no trouble feeding its people. The problem is that it got the population growth without the wealth. Stopping the population growth now would be very hard, but otherwise, famine will be a permanent resident in another 20 years.
The problem is well understood. The population of the rich countries has grown about tenfold since the earliest days of the industrial revolution, but for the first half of that period it grew quite slowly. Many babies died and there were no cures for most epidemic diseases. Later the death rate dropped, but by then, with people feeling more secure in their lives, the birth rate was dropping, too.
In most of the poor countries the population hardly grew at all until the start of the 20th century. But once the population did start to grow, thanks to basic public health measures that cut the death rate, it grew faster than it ever did in the rich countries. Unfortunately, economies don't grow that fast, so these countries never achieved the level of comfort and security where most people will start to reduce their family size spontaneously. At the current rate of growth, Ethiopia's population will double to 160 million people in just 32 years.
You're thinking: That will never happen. Famine will become normal in Ethiopia well before that. No combination of wise domestic policies, and no amount of foreign aid, can stop it. And you are right.
What applies to Ethiopia applies to many other African countries, including some that do not currently have famines. Uganda, for example, had 5 million people in 1960. It now has 32 million, and at the current growth rate it will have 130 million by 2050.
History is unfair. Conversations between those who got lucky and those left holding the other end of the stick are awkward. But we cannot go on ignoring the elephant in the room. We have to start talking about population again.

by "Gwynne Dyer"